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  • Male Circumcision and HIV provides a place for a public health policy debate on the linking of male circumcision and HIV/AIDS. It seeks to address questions of cost versus benefit, the effectiveness of circumcision in the fight against HIV/AIDS in real world settings, and the differing points of view of researchers, the media, and all contributors to the policy discussion.

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  • David Wilton

    David Wilton is a lawyer by training. He has a long-standing interest in issues of body integrity and HIV/AIDS. He maintains this site and blogs from San Francisco, California. His primary interests outside of nurturing a debate on the controversial measure of removing sexual tissue to reduce the spread of HIV are in the areas of international relations, languages, and journalism.
  • Adrienne Soti
    Adrienne Soti has provided research and monitoring of the media for Male Circumcision and HIV. A native of Hungary who came to the US in 1990, she lives with her husband and two small children in New Jersey. She has a B.A. in Psychology and Philosophy from Rutgers University. She lists biology and medicine among her many interests and is particularly interested in bio-ethical issues. The circumcision controversy came to her attention after the birth of her son in 2005.

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« Notebook: Dallas Edition | Main | Study finds no protective effect in gay men from circumcision, so why are the authors still promoting it? »

Monday, November 26, 2007

Zimbabwe nothwithstanding 'voluntary testing and counseling' does have an effect

Aidsmap | Study finally backs up conventional wisdom: VCT does reduce risky sex

A study out of Zimbabwe recently provided much fodder for the proponents of circumcision who have staked the value of circumcision on the ineffectiveness of voluntary testing and counseling (VCT) in lowering HIV infection rates. But as is often the case with the claims used to support circumcision as prophylactic, contrary evidence is showing up to blunt their argument.

Link: Aidsmap | Study finally backs up conventional wisdom: VCT does reduce risky sex.

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What a brilliant innovation! People act with more caution when they are educated and aware. Go figure.

Well that is good news. It seems there has been quite a bit of interesting news recently. In addition to south east Asia, figures are being revised in Africa as well. And now reports that the message of prevention and taking responsibility for ones self is working. This is important because it is the only way to stop AIDS.

Although a couple of parts from this report are troubling. The low usage of condoms and the rate of disclosure. From the article, "Just one third of clients reported ever using a condom, and only 6% reported using condoms consistently with their primary partner; none used condoms consistently with non-primary partners.", which seems just insane considering the scope of the problem. I wonder if non-primary partner refers to concurrent partners or prostitutes. Either way this is a serious issue that needs to be figured out.

Also I wouldn't write Zimbabwe off too quickly as it seems things apparently aren't as bad as they imply in Zimbabwe. Just about two weeks ago, the Herald reported that according to figures release on Oct. 31, 2007, Zimbabwe's HIV prevalence rate continued to decline, nearly 10 percent over the past five years. It seems that the decline is being attributed to behavior change strategies which I assume to mean more condoms and fewer partners. Indeed, Bruce Campbell of UNFPA was quoted as saying: "Young people are having fewer partners and using more condoms. They have heard the messages, taken action, and are being safer."

These articles show a number of things. First, perhaps this is a case where different approaches work better various places. ABC in Zimbabwe, VCT in other countries. Second, we can see from these articles that there is a continued reluctance to face this problem head on; at both the individual, and sometimes the national levels. Although the younger the audience, it seems, the more successful the programs. That is encouraging. The most important point though is there individual success clearly demonstrates that controlling HIV/AIDS will have to be continuous and proactive. Always use condoms, regularly test, and have good communication with your partners. There are no short cuts; no quick fixes.

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Elsewhere on the Web

  • Circumcision and AIDS at MGMbill.org
    A decidedly anti-circumcision site with a calm approach to addressing the human rights issues likely to become problematic in the rush to roll out circumcision as an HIV prophylactic.
  • Circumcision and HIV at circumstitions.com
    One of the most thorough reviews anywhere of circumcision and the history behind the HIV prevention community's study of it. The science behind this prophylactic tool is much more equivocal than the most recent researchers would have you believe. New Zealand based.
  • Circumcision and HIV: Harm Outweighs Benefits from circumcision.org
    From the Circumcision Resource Center, Boston, Massachusetts. This human rights organization has published such books as Questioning Circumcision: A Jewish Perspective and Circumcision: The Hidden Trauma. Sitting on its board are a number of individuals affiliated with Harvard and other Ivy League institutions.
  • Circumcision and HIV infection from CIRP.org
    From the Circumcision Information Resource Pages. Not as up-to-date, but an excellent primer on the issue.
  • Doctors Opposing Circumcision statement on HIV
    Doctor's Opposing Circumcision is a Seattle based physicians group that provides education, information and advice on medical circumcision and its effects.
  • Statement on AIDS and Circumcision from the International Coalition for Genital Integrity
    Another thorough treatment of male circumcision's likely impact on the spread of HIV from an "alliance of organizations dedicated to protecting the normal anatomy of males, females and the intersexed ... [that] was formed to coalesce the many activist organizations, each with a specific focus, into one, common voice."
  • Does circumcision prevent HIV infection? - NORM-UK
    John Dalton puts together a critique of the African studies and their weaknesses. He examines the evidence, appropriateness, and possible outcomes from promoting circumcision and calling it a "prevention."

Sources

  • HIV/AIDS Medscape [free registration required]
    This site is owned by WebMD.com. It is a great source for breaking news. I wouldn't necessarily trust it completely on the issue of circumcision as it is US-based. But the HIV/AIDS coverage is pretty good.
  • UCSF HIV InSite Gateway to HIV Information
    The University of California - San Francisco is a leading medical teaching and research university in the HIV/AIDS field. Generally very reliable, it occasionally oversells or misstates the prevention message, most obviously and unfortunately regarding circumcision.
  • IRIN PlusNews
    I don't like this source because it tends to be a bit sensationalist, in my opinion. But it is pretty good for divining which way the wind is blowing.
  • Aidsmap: Circumcision News
    An otherwise great source, they have recently begun to climb on the bandwagon. The tone of the reports seem reticent as evidenced by their providing some great quotes. Coincidence? Inadvertent? Maybe, but hope not.

Medscape HIV/AIDS Headlines